The effects that modified dietary intake and increased exercise adherence may have on the management of Hypertension.

Pages:

3

Academic Level:

College

Paper Type:

Annotated Bibliography

Discipline:

Health sciences and medicine

What are the guidelines for diet changes for someone with high blood pressure .How will this help – biochemical, physiological changes will there be and how will it improve symptoms?What are the guidelines for exercise changes for someone with high blood pressure?

Identify societal issues which may impact on individuals across demographics following diet and exercise patterns that reduce hypertension

Barriers/facilitators: Location – facilities, transport to leisure centres, availability Age – elderly (reluctance), younger adults – embrace change Support of family – Employment – Time and money Gender – norms Ethnicity – cultural norms – diet for example

Link the societal issues back to the diet and exercise guidelines



To improve your mark, a solid piece of work should demonstrate a secure understanding of…

The acute and chronic effects that modified dietary intake and increased exercise adherence may have on the management of symptoms

Critique of key studies that have focused on the effects of manipulating dietary intake and exercise in hypertensive individuals

To conclude, consider practical recommendations that can be given to individuals who have such conditions.

 

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HYPERTENSION

 

 

 

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Hypertension

Introduction

Lifestyle choices play a significant role in increasing or reducing an individual’s well-being. This means that if an individual wishes to live good health, they should practice healthy lifestyle choices like eating a healthy diet and being physically active. On the other hand, individuals eating unhealthy diets are at greater risk of developing chronic illnesses like hypertension. An individual with hypertension has an increased risk of brain, heart, and kidney illnesses that might lead to permanent disability or death. However, individuals might not be aware of the condition since a majority of its symptoms are silent. This means that the illness shares symptoms with other common diseases, but the only way to distinguish it from other illnesses is to measure blood pressure regularly.

Guidelines for Diet and Exercise Changes

The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) recommends that individuals with high blood pressure eat more vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and low-fat dairy products. This is because eating diets rich in the above food classification reduces an individual's risk of developing diseases like heart illness (WHO 2021). In addition, a diet rich in fruits, whole grains, vegetables, and low-fat dairy are sources of essential nutrients that lower the effects of blood pressure like potassium, magnesium, and calcium (Challa et al. 2021). This means that the individual eating such a diet will have minimal worries about increasing blood pressure. Moreover, individuals with high blood pressure need to reduce the consumption of foods with high-fat saturation. This might result in high cholesterol in the arteries, leading to stroke or the development of a chronic illness like heart disease. Other similar recommendations include reducing sugary drinks and eating more whole-grain foods.

Regular physical exercises of about 30 minutes daily are recommended for persons with high blood pressure. This is essential since Valenzuela et al. (2021) claim that regular physical activities lower an individual’s blood pressure by about 5mmHg. Therefore, persons with high blood pressure need to be consistent with regular physical exercise since if they stop exercising, they can suffer from increased blood pressure beyond the initial level. This will lead to irregular heartbeat, which can cause heart attack, chest pains, or death. In other instances, if an individual’s arteries are blocked, blood and oxygen will not be supplied to major organs like the brain, causing stroke or permanent disability.

Acute and Chronic Effects

Rebholz et al. (2016) argue that modifying dietary intake for a person with high blood pressure helps control the illness. However, although modifying dietary intake is effective in managing the symptoms of hypertension, it might not be practical in the short term. This means that persons with hypertension must be disposed to modify dietary intake for long periods to notice changes such as lowered blood pressure and maintained cholesterol levels. Patients suffering from the illness will start noticing a reduction in early morning headaches, vomiting, muscle tremors, fatigue, and nausea. Also, since excessive sodium results in stroke and heart disease, individuals with high blood pressure will benefit from reduced disease development if reduced through the modified dietary intake. Di Raimondo et al. (2021) discuss that although the ketogenic diet contains low carbohydrates and increased fat, it can be used to fight hypertension since it contains low insulin levels and increased energy expenditure, which results in the burning of more fat.

Regular physical exercises improve the strength of an individual’s muscles as well as boost their endurance. Sharman et al. (2015) support this by claiming that regular physical exercises are essential for individuals with hypertension since they make their hearts stronger. A strong heart makes it easier to pump blood to essential body organs with less effort. Additionally, physical exercises burn fat in the body. As a result, the force on an individual’s arteries decreases, eventually lowering their blood pressure. However, regular physical exercises can make an impact in the short term. This means that persons with high blood pressure will benefit from manageable weight enabling the heart to develop regular rhythms, reduce nosebleeds, and maintain an individual’s eyesight.

Societal Issues

Income is a social factor that impacts individuals with hypertension across all demographics. For example, individuals with low income or from low-income families might be unable to afford a diet with fruits, low-fat dairy, and vegetables. Additionally, they might fail to regularly adopt non-sugary drinks and whole-grain foods. This limits the ability of persons in such families suffering from hypertension to manage the symptoms. On the contrary, persons with high blood pressure with a higher income or who belong to a high-income earning family might be able to manage hypertension symptoms efficiently. This is because they can manage to afford modified dietary intakes with a lot of vegetables, fruits, and low-fat dairy.

The level of education can also impact individuals with high blood pressure across different demographics. For example, if an individual is well educated since childhood, they will be knowledgeable about the diet and physical exercises that help reduce or prevent hypertension. This will help prevent the disease's development since they will be careful about the food they eat and the exercises they undertake. However, compared to educated individuals, persons with a lower level of education might be unable to know the preferred dietary intake and physical exercises for reducing or preventing hypertension. Importantly, individuals with a lower level of education might fail to recognize hypertension symptoms or take blood pressure tests to check their health status.

Also, location is a key factor in determining an individual's blood pressure level. For instance, if an individual with hypertension lives in an area with adequate facilities like hospitals that can help test for blood pressure, they will benefit from tests and increased education on managing the disease. On the contrary, if an individual lives in an area with no or limited facilities advocating for the reduction of hypertension, they might be unaware of the symptoms and management strategies. Furthermore, since regular physical exercises help manage the illness, lack of access to leisure centers might negatively impact individuals with hypertension (Schutte et al. 2021). Access and availability of leisure centers help individuals with high blood pressure maintain exercise patterns that will undoubtedly reduce hypertension.

Conclusion

Individuals with hypertension need to change their diets and exercise patterns. This will help lower the blood pressure and manage other medical conditions that might have developed as a result of hypertension presence in the body. Furthermore, since international organizations like the World Health Organization support countries in reducing hypertension, governments need to include the minority, most affected by societal issues, by availing blood pressure apparatus and increasing public awareness on the preferred dietary intake to reduce or prevent the development of the illness.

 

 

Reference List

Challa, H.J., Ameer, M.A. and Uppaluri, K.R., 2021. DASH diet to stop hypertension. In StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing.

Di Raimondo, D., Buscemi, S., Musiari, G., Rizzo, G., Pirera, E., Corleo, D., Pinto, A. and Tuttolomondo, A., 2021. Ketogenic diet, physical activity, and hypertension—a narrative review. Nutrients, 13(8), p.2567.

Rebholz, C.M., Crews, D.C., Grams, M.E., Steffen, L.M., Levey, A.S., Miller III, E.R., Appel, L.J. and Coresh, J., 2016. DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet and risk of subsequent kidney disease. American Journal of Kidney Diseases, 68(6), pp.853-861. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ajkd.2016.05.019

Schutte, A.E., Srinivasapura Venkateshmurthy, N., Mohan, S. and Prabhakaran, D., 2021. Hypertension in low-and middle-income countries. Circulation Research, 128(7), pp.808-826. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.120.318729

Sharman, J.E., La Gerche, A. and Coombes, J.S., 2015. Exercise and cardiovascular risk in patients with hypertension. American journal of hypertension, 28(2), pp.147-158. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajh/hpu191

Valenzuela, P.L., Carrera-Bastos, P., Gálvez, B.G., Ruiz-Hurtado, G., Ordovas, J.M., Ruilope, L.M. and Lucia, A., 2021. Lifestyle interventions for the prevention and treatment of hypertension. Nature Reviews Cardiology, 18(4), pp.251-275. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41569-020-00437-9

WHO, 2021. Hypertension. [online] Who.int. Available at: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hypertension#:~:text=Hypertension%20%CC%B6%20or%20elevated%20blood,brain%2C%20kidney%20and%20other%20diseases.&text=An%20estimated%2046%25%20of%20adults,hypertension%20are%20diagnosed%20and%20treated